S235JR - 1.0038

S235JR is a low-carbon, non-alloy structural steel defined by the EN 10025-2 standard.

The “S” stands for “structural,” meaning it is intended for use in load-bearing parts of buildings, machinery, or infrastructure.

The number “235” refers to its minimum yield strength — 235 megapascals — which is the stress it can withstand before permanently deforming. This level of strength is suitable for a wide range of general-purpose applications where extreme performance is not required. For example, it’s strong enough for columns or beams in standard buildings, but not for aerospace or high-rise skyscrapers where higher grades would be needed.

The “JR” stands for “Joules” and “Room temperature,” indicating that the steel has passed a Charpy impact test at 20°C with a minimum energy absorption of 27 joules. This test measures how well the material can resist sudden shocks or impacts without cracking, which is important in structures that experience dynamic or unpredictable forces — like wind or moving vehicles.

One of the practical advantages of S235JR is its good weldability. Thanks to its low carbon content, it can be welded easily and safely using standard techniques, without the risk of cracking or weakening the structure. This makes it ideal for construction work, where reliable joints are essential.

In terms of chemistry, S235JR contains small amounts of manganese and silicon, which help improve its mechanical stability and processing behavior. However, it doesn’t include corrosion-resistant elements like chromium or nickel. As a result, it is not naturally resistant to rust and needs to be coated or painted when used outdoors or in humid environments.

Mechanical Properties

Chemical Properties

Applications

S235JR is a commonly used structural steel in Europe, known for its good strength, weldability, and ease of processing. It is used in a wide range of industries, especially where moderate strength and durability are needed at a reasonable cost.

In construction, S235JR is used for making beams, columns, and structural parts in buildings and bridges. Its mechanical properties make it reliable for supporting loads, while its weldability allows for easy assembly on-site. It is also used in civil engineering projects such as tunnels, retaining walls, and support structures.

In mechanical engineering, the steel is used for parts like brackets, supports, and frames that do not require high-strength alloys. Its machinability makes it a good choice for producing components with precise dimensions, especially in mid-sized machines and equipment.

235JR also finds use in the automotive and transport industries, where it is used for chassis parts, trailer frames, and other structural elements. While not suited for high-performance vehicles, it offers a strong and affordable option for general-purpose use.

Its main limitation is low corrosion resistance. For this reason, it is not ideal for marine environments or situations with high moisture unless coated or painted. However, in most standard conditions, it performs reliably and is one of the most widely stocked steels in Europe.